Piriformis Syndrome
Piriformis Syndrome is an uncommon neuromuscular condition where the piriformis muscle spasms and causes pain in the gluteal region.
What is Piriformis Syndrome?
The piriformis is a muscle that extends from the front of the sacrum, at the top of the hip joint. It helps stabilize the hip joint, and lifts and rotates the thigh away from the body.
When the muscle spasms, tightens or swells, it can irritate the sciatic nerve, which runs alongside or through the piriformis muscle, and can cause a number of symptoms, such as sciatica.

Piriformis Syndrome
Signs and Symptoms of Piriformis Syndrome
Typical symptoms of Piriformis Syndrome include:
Causes of Piriformis Syndrome
While the exact cause of Piriformis Syndrome is unknown, suspected causes involve the swelling, irritation, tightening and/or bleeding in the area of the piriformis muscle. These can be caused by:
- overuse from excessive exercise
- repetitive and/or excessive leg activities, such as running, climbing stairs
- sitting for extended periods of time
- lifting heavy objects
- injury to the muscle, such as from twisting the hip, a bad fall, a direct hit, or a penetrating wound to the muscle
Statistics and Epidemiology related to Piriformis Syndrome
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